Comparing Three Options For Biodiesel
Production From Waste Vegetable Oil
Author(s)
A. A. Refaat & S. T. El Sheltawy
Abstract
Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of
production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and its
renewable nature. From a waste-management standpoint, production of biodiesel
from used cooking oil is environmentally beneficial since it provides a cleaner
way of disposing of these products than is typically the case. Biodiesel produced
by base-catalyzed transesterification of vegetable oil is usually performed in
batch reactors where the required energy is provided by heating accompanied by
mechanical mixing. Using this technique, the best yield percentage was obtained
using a methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, potassium hydroxide as the catalyst
(1%), and 65°C temperature for one hour. Alternatively, ultrasonication can
provide an effective way to attain the required mixing while providing the
necessary activation energy. It was concluded that transesterification by low
frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) offered a lot of advantages over the conventional
classical procedure. It proved to be efficient (biodiesel yield up to 98-99%), as
well as time and energy saving (dramatic reduction of reaction time to 5 min,
compared to one hour or more using conventional batch reactor systems, and a
remarkable reduction in static separation time to 25 min, compared to 8 hours).
The third option studied was the application of microwave irradiation. The
application of radio frequency microwave energy offered a fast, easy route to this
valuable biofuel with advantages of enhancing the reaction rate and
improving the separation process. The methodology allowed for the use of
high FFA content feedstock, including used cooking oil, hence reducing the
cost of production, which constitutes a major hurdle towards widespread
commercialization of biodiesel.
Keywords: biodiesel, waste vegetable oil, transesterification, optimization,
ultrasonication, microwave.
Keywords
biodiesel, waste vegetable oil, transesterification, optimization,
ultrasonication, microwave.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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