Occupational Bioaerosol Exposure In
Composting Plants
Author(s)
D. Forestier, P. Thoumelin, B. Efremenko & C. Arfi
Abstract
The worldwide waste treatment industry VEOLIA ENVIRONNEMENT carried
out a bibliographical review of the occupational exposure to bioaerosols in
composting plants, which is based on a literature survey conducted since 1993 by
the French Health and Waste Network.
Composting is an aerobic biological waste treatment. Bioaerosol released
from composting contains mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms.
Bacteria, fungi, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus, and thermophilic
actinomycetes are the most frequent microorganisms detected in the ambient air
of composting plants. These microorganisms are known to be allergenic agents.
Viruses and parasites have never been investigated in the air of composting
plants. Microorganism concentrations in the air vary with the seasons, the type of
composting process and the waste composted. Maximum microorganism
concentrations (103-105 cfu/m3) are detected in the loading area and during waste
crushing and windrows turning. Mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fumigatus
or Penicillium that are present in the ambient air of some composting plants are
correlated with high concentrations of fungi spores. High concentrations of Gram
negative bacteria (103 cfu/m3) (Klebsiella, Proteus, Xanthomonas, Serratia…)
have sometimes been detected in the ambient air of composting plants.
Endotoxin concentrations in the air range from 0,3 to 5,9 ng/m3 depending on the
season. Mean dust concentrations reached 3,1 mg/m3 but dust concentration
peaks have been measured during some handlings. Dust, endotoxins and (1-3)-β-
D glucan concentrations are moderately correlated in one study. Therefore it
could be interesting to quantify dust concentration as an indicator of bioaerosols
exposure.
Considering the variability of exposure factors, additional exposure studies
would be helpful to better assess the biological risk regarding specific processes
and work organisation in order to optimize preventive measures towards
bioaerosols occupational exposure in composting plants.
Keywords: occupational exposure, bioaerosol, composting, allergenic, workers.
Keywords
occupational exposure, bioaerosol, composting, allergenic, workers.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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