Arsenic Toxicity And Carcinogenesis:
A Public Health Risk Assessment And
Management Approach
Author(s)
P. B. Tchounwou
Abstract
Acute and chronic exposure to arsenic has been reported in several countries of
the world, with major outbreaks of arsenosis occurring in Argentina, Bangladesh,
India, Mexico, Thailand, and Taiwan, where a large proportion of drinking water
(groundwater) is contaminated with high concentrations of arsenic. Research has
also pointed to significantly higher standardized mortality rates for cancers of the
bladder, kidney, skin, liver, and colon in many areas of arsenic pollution. There
is therefore a great need for developing a comprehensive risk assessment model
that should be used in the effective management of health risks associated with
arsenic exposure. With a special emphasis on arsenic toxicity and carcinogenesis,
this paper aims at developing and presenting a conceptual risk assessment and
management model. Using the National Academy of Science’s risk assessment
and management framework as a guide, all critical information has been
analyzed and presented with respect to the health hazard, the sources and
pathways of human exposure, the concept of the dose–response relationship in
arsenic poisoning, the characterization of both systemic and carcinogenic effects,
and the potential strategies to control and/or prevent arsenic poisoning.
Keywords: arsenic exposure, toxicity, health effects, risk assessment and
management.
1 Introduction
Arsenic is released into the environment from natural sources as a result of
natural phenomena such as the erosion of mineral deposits and volcanoes, but
Keywords
arsenic exposure, toxicity, health effects, risk assessment and
management.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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