Evolution Of Acute Toxicity Of Non-ionic
Surfactants Over The Biodegradation Process
Author(s)
E. Jurado, M. Fernández-Serrano, J. Núñez,
M. Lechuga & G. Luzón
Abstract
The present work examines the toxicity of two non-ionic surfactants widely used
in current detergent formulations: a fatty-alcohol ethoxylate, Findet 1214N/23
(R(-O-CH2-CH2)n-OH: 70% C12 and 30% C14; 11 average ethylene oxide units)
and nonylphenol polyethoxylate with 9.5 average ethylene oxide units. The
biodegradation tests were made according to the OECD 301 E test for ready
biodegradability. These tests were made at different starting concentrations: 15,
20, 25, and 50 mg/L for Findet 1214N/23, and 5, 25, and 50 mg/L for
nonylphenol polyethoxylate.
Toxicity was assessed with the LumiStox® 300 system, consisting of an
instrument for measuring bioluminescence and an incubation unit according to
the UNE-EN ISO 11348-2 guideline. This method is based on the luminous
intensity of marine bacteria of the strain Vibrio fisheri NRRL-B-11177 after a
certain exposure time to a toxic substance. The toxicity value was calculated as
EC50, which is the surfactant concentration that inhibits 50% after 15 min of
exposure. Also, the change in toxicity was tracked during the biodegradation
process in order to appraise the environmental risk posed by the products during
this process. In these assays, the toxicity was expressed as a percentage of
inhibition.
Keywords: toxicity, biodegradation, bioluminescent organisms, non-ionic
surfactants.
1 Introduction
The detergent and cleaning-products industry in Spain represents more than 1620
million euros annually, generating thousands of jobs and producing some 1.8
Keywords
toxicity, biodegradation, bioluminescent organisms, non-ionic
surfactants.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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