Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE)
Procedure For Identification Of Toxic Substances
In Landfill Leachate
Author(s)
M. Cotman & A. Žgajnar-Gotvajn
Abstract
Landfilling is one of the most widely used methods for the disposal of municipal
solid wastes. The degradation of the organic fraction of the wastes in
combination with percolating rainwater leads to the generation of highly
contaminated liquid, called leachate. Municipal landfill leachates typically
contain high concentrations of inorganic compounds (ammonium and metals), as
well as high levels of organics, many of them also toxic and resistant to
biodegradation. Because of this, treatment efficiency of conventional biological
plant for landfill leachates is usually very low. The purpose of our research work
was to evaluate the quality of the leachate originating from municipal landfill
and to assess efficiency of air stripping and adsorption to activated carbon for
reduction of toxicity of the leachate. Both TRE procedures were used to identify
the contribution of organic substances (air stripping, adsorption) and ammonium
nitrogen (air stripping) to toxicity of the effluent. We have followed the
efficiency of single toxicity reduction method with measurement of physicochemical
parameters and toxicity bioassays. They were carried out by applying
an acute toxicity test with luminiscent bacteria Vibrio fischeri and an acute test
with nitrifying microorganisms from activated sludge.
We have compared physico-chemical analysis and toxicity of the leachate
before and after TRE procedures. Air stripping removed 85% of ammonium
nitrogen at pH value of 11, but the removal of organics was low. On the other
hand, adsorption to activated carbon (50 g·L-1) removed 79% of organic
compounds, but ammonium nitrogen remained. Both methods (TRE) did not
decrease toxicity to the nitrifying microorganisms. We have concluded that
ammonium nitrogen and organic substances do not contribute much to the
toxicity of the leachate. Further work will be focused on some other TRE
methods, mainly ion exchange to assess the contribution of high concentrations
of inorganic compounds.
Keywords: toxicity reduction evaluation, landfill leached, air-stripping,
powdered activated carbon treatment.
Keywords
toxicity reduction evaluation, landfill leached, air-stripping,
powdered activated carbon treatment.
Related Book
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