Application Of Bioassays And Soil Column Test
For Toxicity Evaluation Of Selected Pesticides
Author(s)
A. Kungolos, C. Emmanouil, M. Gkantaka, V. Tsiridis
& N. Tsiropoulos
Abstract
The toxic effects of an organophosphate nematicide (Fosthiazate) and a
benzenoid fungicide (Metalaxyl-M) have been evaluated by the use of the fresh
water algae P. subcapitata. The effects of copper (Cu+2), an ingredient of many
fungicidal mixtures, have also been assessed on the same organism, as well as
the interactive effects of binary mixtures of the three aforementioned
agrochemicals. Finally, leachates containing fosthiazate in two different
concentrations have been tested on the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri.
The interactive effects of the binary mixtures were additive in most cases, while
fosthiazate leachates exhibited low, dose-related toxicities.
Keywords: interactive effects, algae, bioluminescence, bioassays, fungicides.
1 Introduction
Agrochemicals are constantly used in high quantities in order to ensure enhanced
crop yield and to decrease disease rates from various pests. Serious fungal
pathogens in many cultivated plants may cause extensive damage and losses to
agriculture and forestry, while plant parasitic nematodes which include several
species may cause severe crop losses. Metalaxyl-M [the (-)-(R)-enantiomer of
methyl-N-(2-methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-DL-alaninate] is the most widely
known member of the phenylamide class of fungicides. It destroys the fungi by
Keywords
interactive effects, algae, bioluminescence, bioassays, fungicides.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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