Dynamic Nutrient Modelling Of A Large
River Basin In Finland
Author(s)
Ä. Bilaletdin, H. Kaipainen & T. Frisk
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is one of the most eutrophied European seas. High nutrient input
mainly via river discharges and leaching from agriculture along with the reduced
water exchange with the open ocean have, during past decades, led to enhanced
growth and biomass of primary producers. Characterized by a large catchment
area, pollution that originates from land finally ends up in the Baltic Sea. The
nutrient loading from the Kokemäenjoki river basin (27000 km2) was simulated
by applying different mathematical models. Phosphorus and nitrogen loading
from the Kokemäenjoki river basin to the estuary was estimated by calculating
nutrient loading from point and diffuse sources using the CATCHLOAD model
and by calculating retention in rivers and lakes using the CHAIN-LAKE model.
Simulated nutrient fluxes are finally the input data for an estuary model. Two
nutrient reduction scenarios, based on requirements of the current environmental
policy have been carried out: 1) waste water scenario which is based on the
implementation of the EU directive for N removal from inland wastewater
treatment plants, and 2) diffuse pollution scenario from agricultural areas which
is based on good management practices of the Finnish Agri-Environmental
Programme. In the waste water (WW) scenario, N removal efficiency on the
major waste water treatment plants of Tampere would rise from 40% to 70%. In
the agricultural scenario (AGRI), total P load would decrease by 20% and total N
by 37% from fields to the river. The scenarios affected the annual nutrient output
from the Kokemäenjoki river by reducing total N on an average by 4% (WW),
and total N by 7% and total P by 6% (AGRI). If a total nitrogen reduction of
70% were required the loading of nitrogen to the Baltic Sea would not decrease
much. From the point of view of Baltic Sea protection, special attention should
be paid to coastal river basins, where water protection measures could be
concentrated on selected land use forms with high nutrient loading.
Keywords: nutrient, loading, modelling, phosphorus, nitrogen, catchment, Baltic
Sea.
Keywords
nutrient, loading, modelling, phosphorus, nitrogen, catchment, Baltic
Sea.
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