Biodegradation Of Pharmaceuticals
By Common Microorganisms
Author(s)
H. Gauthier, D. G. Cooper & V. Yargeau
Abstract
The biodegradation of selected pharmaceuticals has been studied using common
microorganisms, in order to understand their fate in the environment. The
pharmaceuticals selected for this study are known micropollutants.
Carbamazepine is a drug used extensively in the treatment of epilepsy.
Sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are common antibiotics.
The microorganisms used were Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Pseudomonas putida,
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtillis and Sphingomonas herbicidovorans.
Biodegradation has been observed for carbamazepine, sulfamethizole and
sulfamethoxazole.
Keywords: biodegradation, carbamazepine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole,
trimethoprim.
1 Introduction
The presence of pharmaceuticals in wastewater has been recognized as an
increasing source of pollution in the last few decades [1–4]. Pharmacokinetic
studies have shown that a large proportion of this pollution comes from feces and
urine [5], but a significant amount is also probably due to the disposal of expired
pharmaceuticals in toilets or garbage. Although wastewater is treated to remove
BOD and pollutants, the typical methods employed today are not designed to
remove these compounds. The result is poor removal efficiencies of
pharmaceuticals [2, 6, 7] and an accumulation of drugs in the aquatic
environment [8–11]. Some studies have also reported the presence of these
contaminants in drinking water at the nanogram per liter level [12]. Many of
these pharmaceuticals have a high bioactivity and can have an effect even at
concentrations as low as few ng/L. Moreover, some drugs in the environment
Keywords
biodegradation, carbamazepine, sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole,
trimethoprim.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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