Biological Ammonia Removal From Drinking
Water In Fluidized Bed Reactors
Author(s)
M. Aboabboud, H. Ibrahim & A. Awad
Abstract
Ground water is the most reliable source of drinking water and frequently
contains ammonia as a pollutant in concentrations up to 3mg/L. The
recommended maximum concentration level (MCL) according to the World
Health Organization (WHO) is 0.5 mg/L. Concentrations in excess of this in
drinking water can be oxidized to toxic nitrite, support the growth of bacteria,
(Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter), and create taste and other problems in treatment
plants and the distribution network. High ammonia concentrations also create
high chlorine demand during disinfection that consequently produces
trihalomethanes and organochlorines suspected to be carcinogenic. In this work
the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and consequently to nitrate by
nitrifying bacteria, Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter was studied in two fluidized
bed reactors, each having one type of biofilm supporting material: sand and
granular activated carbon (GAC). The aim was mainly to investigate the
possibility of ammonia oxidation to nitrate when the ammonia concentration is
low, and how the support materials influence the starting up period and the rate
of ammonia oxidation capacity of the nitrification process. In this study the main
equipment used were two reactors and an aerator, which were made of Plexiglas
tubes. Synthetic water containing ammonia nitrogen (1-3 mg/L) was fed to the
reactors in fluidization mode. Both GAC and sand reactors gave ammonianitrogen
(NH4
+-N) oxidation capacity up to 2.5 kg/m3 of nitrogen per day. The
type of the support material that was found to be successful in nitrification is
GAC. Nitrification in the sand reactor proceeded at a very slow rate compared to
the GAC reactor. The GAC reactor had a higher oxidation rate and steeper curve
compared to the sand reactor and reached maximum nitrite production earlier
than the sand reactor.
Keywords: biological treatment, fluidization, biofilm, GAC, nitrosomonas,
nitrobacter.
Keywords
biological treatment, fluidization, biofilm, GAC, nitrosomonas,
nitrobacter.
Related Book
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