From Hazard Reduction To Integrated Risk
Management: Toward Adaptive Flood
Prevention In Europe
Author(s)
F. Vinet
Abstract
Flood risk has long been seen only as a hydrological phenomenon. Flood risk
management has therefore been directed almost exclusively toward curative
methods. Dykes and dams have attempted to contain the floods while crisis
management and insurance have compensated for loss. However, the
acknowledgement of human responsibility in natural disasters has widened the
epistemological field of natural-hazards knowledge integrating the concept of
vulnerability. Recent and disastrous floods all over the world have highlighted
the relative failure of the existing risk-management system. Over the past fifteen
years, the increasing cost of damage has caused a reaction of the authorities, who
have expressed through various laws and incentive measures their wish to
develop integrated risk management. The integrated approach uses not only
curative methods but also land-use planning, reduction of vulnerability and the
development of public awareness by implementing local emergency plans.
Through some examples in France, this presentation aims to suggest new ways
of assessing risk-management measures. The French territory, located between
northern and southern Europe, is concerned by all kinds of floods: slow-rise
floods in its northern part and flash floods in mountainous and Mediterranean
regions. For many years, the top-down institutional approach has led to the
implementation of measures ill-adapted to Mediterranean regions. Thus, this
presentation shows how some measures, efficient for slow floods, are inefficient
for Mediterranean torrential floods. While the new European Directive on Flood
Risk is willing to reinforce flood prevention in Europe, it is important to take into
account the specific characteristics of each basin and each hydrological context
before implementing flood-reduction measures such as upstream control,
vulnerability reduction or flood warning. Stakeholders and institutions might
implement an adaptive and territorial approach in flood prevention so as not to
repeat the serious mistakes that we have seen for many years.
Keywords: natural hazards, floods, vulnerability, mitigation, flood risk
management, European directive, Mediterranean basin.
Keywords
natural hazards, floods, vulnerability, mitigation, flood risk
management, European directive, Mediterranean basin.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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