Floods In Tabasco Mexico
History And Perspectives
Author(s)
L. Gama, E. M. Ordoñez, C. Villanueva-García,
M. Arturo Ortiz-Pérez, H. D. Lopez, R. C. Torres
& M. E. M. Valadez
Abstract
Tabasco is located in one of the ten more important basins of North America. One
third of all water resources in Mexico passes through here. Flooding events are part
of the natural history of the basin; however floods have increased spatially and in
magnitude. Data regarding total annual rainfalls as high as 4000 mm are registered
regularly within the border of Tabasco and Chiapas. The most important wetlands
of Mexico are located here on the low river basin of the Grijalva and Usumacinta
rivers. Since ancient times, people in this part of Mexico are related to this flooding
system in a variety of ways. A system of dams generates most of the electricity
power used on Southern Mexico. Oil exploitation, cattle breeding and agriculture
are the main economic activities and are responsible for an important loss of the
natural ecosystems and ecosystem services. The objective of this research was to
study flooding causes in this area. Geomorphology, climate, topography,
hydrology and soil maps were constructed. A historical review of floods, river
courses, and land use as well as an analysis of meteorological data were performed.
Ecosystem vulnerability was evaluated. Results show that there has been a loss of
90% of the original biodiversity of tropical forest due mainly to farming and poor
cattle management activities. Road infrastructure, unplanned urban growth and oil
exploitation infrastructure has caused an important impact especially on the
hydrodynamics and coastal areas. Extraordinary events with more than 200 mm in
24 hours are more common each year. The amount and intensity of floods today
has increased and put at risk a great number of the population. Climate change
Keywords
Mexico, floods, climate change, dams, wetlands, extreme precipitation, rivers
Related Book
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