How Dematerialization Contributes
To A Low Carbon Society?
Author(s)
S. Fujimori & T. Masui
Abstract
In the light of recent knowledge about the seriousness of climate change, a lot of
attention is being paid to low carbon societies, which reduce their carbon
emissions. On the other hand, in terms of sustainability, some countries are
seeking a dematerialized society. Such a dematerialized society aims to reduce
material inputs and waste discharge. The question follows as to how these two
types of societies are related. Presumably, the carbon emission in a
dematerialized society can be expected to be lower than in a non-dematerialized
society. However, just how much lower? This study answers to this question
with a quantitative analysis by using a global CGE (Computable General
Equilibrium) model. The CGE model has the advantage that it can analyze a
whole economic system, its energy use and CO2 emission consistently. We
conduct scenario analysis using this CGE model. Four comparative scenarios are
simulated; (1) business as usual without carbon emission constraints,
(2) dematerialization without carbon emission constraints (3) business as usual
with carbon emission constraints, and (4) dematerialization with carbon emission
constraints. For each scenario CO2 emissions and material inputs for the whole
society are estimated and analyzed. The time period covered is from 2005 to
2050 and the target area is the world divided into 12 regions. In this study, we
focus on steel as an indicator of the dematerialization. For developing a
dematerialized society scenario, we examine changes in investment and assume
other materials are substituted for steel. There are two main findings. One is that
dematerialization certainly reduces the CO2 emission globally, especially in
Asian developing countries and reduces the carbon cost. The other is that even
though dematerialization contributes to the development of a low carbon society,
there still seems to be difficulties in achieving a large CO2 emission reduction.
Keywords
dematerialization, low carbon society, CGE model, steel consumption, GHG emission price
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