Spatial And Temporal Trends Of Heavy Metal
Accumulation In Mosses In Estonia
Author(s)
H. Kösta & S. Liiv
Abstract
The main sources of air pollution with heavy metals in Estonia are the country’s
oil shale fired power stations, the chemical and the building materials industry
and road traffic. The principal power stations and most of heavy industry are
concentrated in the north-eastern part of the country. The relative deposition of
Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, V and Zn in Estonia has been monitored since 1989 by
the method of bioindication, using the mosses Pleurozium schreberi or
Hylocomium splendens as indicator species. The selection of sampling sites and
the collection of moss samples is carried out in accordance with the requirements
of the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on
Natural Vegetation and Crops. In 1989, heavy metals concentrations in mosses
were the highest in samples from North-East Estonia. By 1995, the surroundings
of Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, had become the second most polluted area
in Estonia, probably due to increased traffic density and the related increase in
air pollution. In 2005–2008, the changes of the concentrations of most heavy
metals in mosses remained within or close to local variability in all studied
regions. During 1989–2006, the decrease of heavy metals concentrations in
Estonian moss samples has been in correlation with the drop in power production
as well as with the decrease of emission of pollutants due to the implementation
of environmentally friendlier technologies. Due to the introduction of unleaded
petrol in Estonia, the concentration of lead in moss samples has decreased by up
to 60% during 1989–2008.
Keywords: atmospheric pollution, emission sources, heavy metals, mosses as
biomonitors.
Keywords
atmospheric pollution, emission sources, heavy metals, mosses as
biomonitors
Related Book
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