Ice Dams And Backwaters As Hydrological Risk
Phenomena – Case Study: The Bistrita River,
Upstream Of The Izvorul Muntelui Lake
(Romania)
Author(s)
G. Romanescu & O. Bounegru
Abstract
During the last 20 years, Romanian territory witnessed a recurrence of high-risk
hydrologic phenomena. From this point of view, the floods and droughts are
particularly noteworthy. Most of the rivers registered historic record levels,
while droughts appear even in the mountainous hydrographic networks. Despite
the fact that the frequency of rainfall increased during the same time-span,
droughts are increasingly present since most of the precipitations are torrential in
nature. It is precisely these precipitations of a torrential character that generate
flood phenomena. Because Romania harbours a significant number of dams,
especially in the mountainous sector, an increase in the number of backwater
flooding is noticed. The only phenomenon which manifests itself with some
regularity is to be found upstream of the Izvorul Muntelui Lake, on the valley of
the River. Various natural and, particularly, anthropic causes favour the
formation of ice-dams and Bistrita the flooding of the settlements upstream of
the tail of the Izvorul Muntelui Lake. In most cases, the flooding was caused by
backwater phenomenon (1–3 m). The overspills are due to ice-dams or the
congestion of ice-floes along the course of the Bistrita. The building of houses
on the minor bed, and the presence of bridges with the substructure embedded in
the mid-channel, have favoured the generation of some of the most spectacular
ice-dam ever formed on the river courses of the Carpathians. During winter, a
significant contribution to the much-increased discharge levels of the Bistrita
River is made by föhn phenomenon present in the upper sector of the river (the
Vatra Dornei Depression). Unfortunately, during the last few years, the
phenomenon occurs almost yearly, and the damage inflicted is considerable. The
Keywords
backwater, ice dam, hydrological risk, Romania, water management
Related Book
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