Classification Of Waste As Hazardous Or
Non-hazardous: The Cases Of Ash And Slag
Author(s)
R. Sjöblom
Abstract
Anyone who owns and manages waste is obligated by law to know if it is
hazardous or non-hazardous. However, proper classification of waste from
incineration and combustion facilities as well as from steel mills may initially
appear as a \“mission impossible”. In such waste, oxides of various elements
appear in the form of various phases with non-stoichiometric and varying
compositions that do not appear in the data bases on hazardous properties of
various substances. The trace elements – which are the ones of highest
significance for the classification – do not form phases of their own but are
included in the phases formed by the major elements in the form of solid
solution. Different batches of waste may have different ranges of compositions
rendering direct testing an insurmountable task.
A method is presented by means of which such residues can be classified in a
conservative but still reasonably realistic and feasible manner.
According to this method, elements of interest are regarded as if they
appeared as simple oxides or as mixed oxides with iron. These reference
substances are selected in such a manner that they can be found in databases on
hazardous properties of various substances. Such data of the reference substances
can then be used together with data from chemical analysis to calculate whether
the waste in question is hazardous or non-hazardous.
This approach has been pursued in Sweden at more than 30 plants with good
results.
It is anticipated that the method – after adjustment – can be used also under
upcoming new legislation.
Keywords: waste, hazardous, classification, oxide, ash, slag, directive.
Keywords
waste, hazardous, classification, oxide, ash, slag, directive.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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