Small-scale Energy Storage For Integration Of
Renewable Supplies With Smart Grids
Author(s)
M. McDonald, L. Dilley, M. E. Barber, R. Mahler, J. Adam,
M. Wolcott & A. Ford
Abstract
Rapid expansion of renewable energy is occurring throughout the world due to
national government financial incentives, state government mandates, and public
perceptions regarding green energy. In the United States, wind power is the
predominant source of renewable energy with cumulative installed capacity of
over 60,000 MW as of 2012. However, integration of renewable into existing
grids or proposed micro- and smart- grids is expensive with the US National
Renewable Energy Laboratory estimating costs to range from US $3.5 to
$5.0/MWh particularly since the unreliable nature of wind does not increase
reliable generation capacity. Conventional generation facilities are therefore still
needed to ensure demands can be met at all times.
Storage represents one of the grand challenges facing areas with large
seasonal variations in energy supply and demand. Although a number of studies
suggest that grid systems in large balancing areas could handle up to 20%
renewable penetration without additional storage, recent evidence suggests the
lack of storage requires negative pricing at the wholesale level during periods of
high power, low demand. Furthermore, smaller micro- and smart- grids will
benefit from improved flexibility brought on by increased storage.
While numerous studies and installations of large pump storage projects exist
globally, the availability of large off-channel reservoir sites in the US is
relatively limited. Investigation of smaller facilities (<=150,000 m3) would
greatly improve utility in micro- and smart- grid systems. This study examined
Keywords
pumped storage hydropower, wind energy, off-channel storage, renewable energy, micro and smart grids
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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