Cleaner Air In Seaport Container Terminals:
Assessing Fuel(s)
Author(s)
J. M. Vleugel & F. Bal
Abstract
Policies to reduce air pollution caused by transport have been practiced in many
countries for decades. Maritime transport and seaport areas have been included
since the 1990s, with the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and the
MARPOL treaty (1997–ongoing) gradually leading the way to cleaner shipping.
Political interest is rising, because maritime and seaport emissions negatively
affect the lives of millions of people. Environmental policy may stimulate
technical fixes, both end-of-pipe and at the source. Seaport terminal operators
may buy more energy efficient equipment, replace diesel by electricity and
optimize operations. Ship owners may adapt their fleet to reduce fuel
consumption. Less fuel consumed means lower (local) emissions (of SO2, NOx,
PM10, CO2) to the air; interesting options, which are increasingly put to good
service. A critical assessment of their real impact in a longer timeframe is
warranted. In a desk-research study, an input-output model was used to
determine the impact of these technical fixes on (local) air pollution. It turns out
that their impact can be substantial: reductions in air pollution of 70% and
beyond by ships and terminal equipment. Cleaner air goes in parallel with lower
operational costs as well. A green company image also attracts customers. A
caveat is that the environmental impact of cleaner fuels is partially compensated
by the growth in container transport. Transport is a consequence of logistic
choices. Replacing global- by regional or local sourcing/sales and transport
optimisation (optimised use of containers) is a worthwhile alternative, which also
makes macro-economic sense.
Keywords: air pollution, fuels, sea transport, ports, logistics.
Keywords
air pollution, fuels, sea transport, ports, logistics.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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