Effect Of Local Material Properties On
Tapping Mode Atomic Force Microscopy
Author(s)
W. Xu & P. Wood-Adams
Abstract
The phase image produced by Atomic Force Microscopy is very important in the
study of polymeric materials. This image is a map of the spatial variation in the
phase lag between the tip oscillation and the driving oscillation, resulting from
variations in local properties. We have studied the effect of local material
properties and operating conditions by simulating the AFM imaging procedure
and by experiment. For hard elastic materials the dominant interaction force
between the tip and the sample is the elastic repulsive force. In the case of
polymers, which are softer and viscoelastic in nature, both the modulus and the
viscosity influence the phase lag with the viscous force often dominating.
Additionally, as expected, the phase lag for soft, viscoelastic domains is higher
than for high elastic domains. Experiments were performed with silicon (hard
and elastic) and polybutadiene (soft and viscoelastic) that validate our simulation
results. Experiments also illustrate that the thickness of a polymer film on a
substrate influences the phase lag when it is on the order of the radius of gyration
of the molecules. This property makes it possible for the AFM to detect
sub-surface features through polymer films under certain conditions. The
eventual goal of this work is to enable the quantitative as well as qualitative
interpretation of phase images of polymeric materials.
Keywords: tapping mode AFM, phase lag difference, material properties.
1 Introduction
Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) is used to study the
topography and properties of surfaces. In this mode, a cantilever oscillates at or
near its resonance frequency. The tip at the end of the cantilever touches and
scans the rough surface and the oscillation amplitude changes as the topography
Keywords
tapping mode AFM, phase lag difference, material properties.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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