Dam-break Shock Waves: A Two-phase Model
For Mature And Immature Debris Flow
Author(s)
D. De Wrachien & S. Mambretti
Abstract
To predict flood and debris flow dynamics a numerical model, based on 1D De
Saint Venant (SV) equations, modified for including erosion/deposition
processes along the path, was developed. The McCormack–Jameson shock
capturing scheme was employed for the solution of the equations, written in a
conservative law form. This technique was applied to determine both the
propagation and the profile of a two-phase debris flow resulting from the
instantaneous and complete collapse of a storage dam. To validate the model,
comparisons have been made between its predictions and laboratory tests
concerning flows of water and homogeneous granular mixtures in a uniform
geometry flume reproducing dam-break waves. Agreements between
computational and experimental results are considered very satisfactory for
mature (non-stratified) debris flows, which embrace most real cases. To better
predict immature (stratified) flows, the model was improved in order to feature,
in a more realistic way, the distribution of the particles of different size within
the mixture. The level of maturity of the flow is assessed by an empirical, yet
experimental based, criterion. The model, at this stage, should be able to predict
the whole debris flow phenomenon, i.e. the triggering, mobilising and stopping
processes of both mature and immature debris flows in different dam-break
conditions. On the whole, the model proposed can easily be extended to channels
with arbitrary cross sections for debris flow routing, as well as for solving
problems of unsteady flow in open channels by incorporating the appropriate
initial and boundary conditions. The model could also be improved to predict
and assess the propagation and stoppage processes of debris and hyperconcentrated
flows in mountainous catchments and river basins, triggered by
extreme hydrological events, once validated on the basis of field data.
Keywords: debris flow, dam-break, two-phase modelling, mature and immature
mixtures.
Keywords
debris flow, dam-break, two-phase modelling, mature and immature
mixtures.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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