Towards A Non-destructive Methodology To
Distinguish Wrought Iron From Mild Steel
In 19th Century Structures
Author(s)
I. Wouters, I. De Graeve, D. Van de Velde,
M. de Bouw & Q. Collette
Abstract
During the 19th century various new construction materials became available in a
short time. This paper deals with the quest for a methodology to differentiate
wrought iron from mild steel by using a combination of several onsite nondestructive
testing instruments. A mobile Vickers hardness tester and an optical
microscope were used to determine the hardness and analyze the microstructure
after onsite polishing and nital etching of historic wrought iron and mild steel
structures. The historic specimens were also tested in a destructive way (tensile
test) to obtain values for the mechanical properties and relate these values to the
NDT results. Although the hardness measurements showed very large scatter, a
trend in the measurements could be defined: large variations in local hardness
measurements are a clear indication of wrought iron, which can be explained by
the inhomogeneous micro-structure. Low variation in hardness is typical for mild
steel. In the latter case a conversion from hardness to tensile strength is possible.
The obtained dataset, coming from different Belgian structures dating from 1895
to 1905, is compared to datasets originating from the UK and US in order to
position the Belgian historical iron alloys within a larger international context.
Keywords: hardness test, wrought iron, mild steel, metallography, NDT.
Keywords
hardness test, wrought iron, mild steel, metallography, NDT
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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