Ventilation Improvement In Fire Smoke Control
Author(s)
L. Santarpia, F. Gugliermetti & G. Zori
Abstract
Thermal gradients, wind pressure and mechanical ventilation systems determine
a natural airflow travelling the two atmospheres. A fire ignition in a confined
space increases thermal gradients and determines a growing smoke flux towards
adjacent atmospheres. A free air jet from an air curtain system reduces the
exchange airflow and improves fire and smoke compartimentation. Two
theoretical analyses are used for the air curtain device dimensioning in
emergency conditions. The results provide guidelines to improve the project
quality.
Keywords: air curtain, confined fire, smoke control, ventilation device.
1 Introduction
Smoke management methods can modify smoke movement to protect occupants
and fire fighters, and to reduce property damage. Barriers and smoke vents,
supplying and exhausting big air quantities (purging dilution) of air in fire space,
are traditionally used. Doors coupled with mechanical fans are a very common
system in smoke control, while as the single smoke purging is unable to provided
the needed air flow attracted through the open door by pressure differences. In
many practical applications escape routes towards refuge areas are not equipped
with doors, especially in large common-space. In this case the use of air curtains,
with the barrier function, could be useful reducing or delaying smoke infiltration
towards escape ways. Atria in commercial multi-stories buildings, exhibition
halls, sports arenas, railway stations are typical examples of large commonplaces
where is suggested to apply an air curtain system.
There are a lot of works and guidelines (NFPA 1995 [1], Klote and Milke
1992 [2], Tamura 1995 [3], Yamana and Tanaka 1985 [4], Hansell and Morgan
1994 [5]), standards and codes devoted to the design of smoke controls, but few
papers regards on air curtain system used as a smoke barriers. Preliminary
Keywords
air curtain, confined fire, smoke control, ventilation device.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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