Optimizing Transportation Infrastructure
Planning: Koya City As A Case Study
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[main]
Author(s)
Sh. S. Namer
Abstract
In this article the feasibility of using a multi-objective genetic algorithm model to
optimize land use, infrastructure, social, and financial variables has been
investigated using multi-objective algorithm model. The model used in this
article considered three primary objective functions which are minimizing travel
time, minimizing per capita cost, and minimizing land use change.
Genetic programming is a further extension to the complexity of evolving
structures within the genetic programming system the structures hierarchical
computer programs. The size, shape and structure of the solution as a genetic
program are left unspecified and are found by using genetic programming
operators. Solving a problem therefore becomes a search through all the possible
combinations of symbolic expressions defined by the programmer.
The model was applied on the Koya region in Erbil; a medium sized region
experiencing rapid growth. The current population is 90,000 and projected to
grow to 250,000 by the year 2030. Residents are becoming progressively more
upset with new land development and increasing traffic congestion.
Keywords: genetic algorithm, land use, infrastructure, transportation planning.
Keywords
genetic algorithm, land use, infrastructure, transportation planning
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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[main]