Studies Of Produced Water Toxicity Using
Luminescent Marine Bacteria
Author(s)
S. Grigson, C. Cheong & E. Way
Abstract
The main aqueous discharge from oil production platforms is produced water
(PW). Produced water is contaminated with a range of pollutants including crude
oil, inorganic salts, trace metals, dissolved gases, produced solids and oilfield
chemical residues. Concern has been expressed on the impact these discharges,
and particularly the dissolved oil component, may be having on the marine
environment. In this investigation the toxicity of synthetic produced waters
contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons was compared to PW samples
received from the field using the luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri.
The objective was to correlate toxicity to specific PW components. Initial studies
of individual oil components showed that both aromatic and aliphatic
compounds exhibited toxicity. Naphthalene was the most toxic aromatic
compound measured and cycloheptane the most toxic aliphatic. For benzenes,
toxicity increased with alkyl substitution. Synthetic PW samples, based on the
composition of those obtained offshore, had lower toxicities than the field PW
samples. The addition of oilfield chemicals at dosage levels used offshore
increased the toxicity of the synthetic PW mixtures, but not to the original
values. Removal of the oil components by solid-phase extraction reduced PW
toxicity in both synthetic and real samples. The results suggest that a range of
hydrocarbons, both aliphatic and aromatic, along with heavy metals and oilfield
chemical residues, contribute to the toxicity of produced water. Removal of
petroleum hydrocarbons significantly reduces the acute toxicity of produced
water. However, differences in toxicity between real and synthetic PW samples
suggest that components other than hydrocarbons, heavy metals and oilfield
chemical residues, are also influencing the toxicity of the effluent.
Keywords: toxicity testing, luminescent marine bacteria, produced water,
hydrocarbons, oilfield chemicals.
Keywords
toxicity testing, luminescent marine bacteria, produced water,
hydrocarbons, oilfield chemicals.
Related Book
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