Toxicity And Genotoxicity Studies Of Surface And
Waste Water Samples Using A Bacterial SOS/umu
Test And Mammalian MTT And Comet Assay
Author(s)
B. Žegura, E. Heath, A. Černoša & M. Filipič
Abstract
Surface and waste waters are complex mixtures that may contain thousands of
different pollutants of different origins (industrial, agricultural and domestic).
Many of them show toxic and/or genotoxic effects and are therefore potentially
hazardous for humans and the environment.
It is extremely difficult to quantify the risk associated with xenobiotics in
environmental samples because they usually occur in concentrations too low to
allow chemical analytical determination. Additionally, single and combined
biological effects of most of the micropollutants are not known. The best
approach to evaluate potential toxic/genotoxic risks of such mixtures is to use
biological test systems with living cells or organisms that give a global response
to the pool of micropollutants present in the sample.
In this study we evaluated the cytotoxic/genotoxic potential of 51 different
water samples (river, potable, well, lake, and waste waters) potentially
contaminated with pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCP). The
samples were evaluated for their genotoxic potential with the bacterial SOS/umu
test with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 and for their cytotoxic
potential with mammalian cell based MTT assay with human hepatoma (HepG2)
cells. Genotoxicity of seven selected samples was further tested with the comet
assay with metabolically competent HepG2 cells.
The results from the present study confirmed that biological tests are
indispensable for the reliable assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of
surface and waste waters. There is also a need for chemical analytical
characterisation of cytotoxic/genotoxic samples in order to identify and quantify
the compounds responsible for the cytotoxicity/genotoxicity.
Keywords: SOS/umuC, Salmonella typhimurium, MTT, comet assay, HepG2,
water samples, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity.
Keywords
SOS/umuC, Salmonella typhimurium, MTT, comet assay, HepG2,
water samples, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity.
Related Book
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