Method For Selective Determination Of
Polybrominated Diphenylethers (BDE-47 And
BDE-99) In Landfill Leachates By Capillary
Gas Chromatography And
Electron-capture Detection
Author(s)
D. Odusanya, J. Okonkwo & B. Botha
Abstract
The last few decades have seen dramatic growth in the scale of production and
the use of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) as flame retardants.
Consequently, PBDEs such as BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-153 and BDE-209 have
been detected in various environmental matrices. These compounds have also
been linked with the disruption of the endocrine systems of man and wildlife.
The present research work is aimed at determining the concentration of (PBDEs)
in landfill leachates in Tshwane Municipality. A simulated landfill leachate was
used to optimise various chromatograph parameters such as oven temperature
programme, injector and detector temperature, carrier gas flow rate, and the limit
of detection. A Varian GC coupled with ECD detector was used for the analysis.
An effective method of recovery was developed using petroleum ether instead of
hexane/acetone as reported by the literature. Recoveries of BDE-47 -99 and 209,
each at a fortification level of 5ng and 6ng respectively, were in the range of
97.5% to 123% and relative standard deviation of 6 to 12 (n=3). The method
developed was applied to leachate samples collected from two landfill sites
producing leachates (Temba and Soshanguve) in the Municipality. Results
obtained are 0.90 and 0.13mg/l for BDE-47 and 0.48 and 0.21 mg/l for BDE-99
respectively. BDE-209 was not detected. Compared to other studies these
concentrations are significantly higher than those reported for Japanese landfill
sites. Therefore, there is cause for concern if these leachates were to infiltrate
into groundwater.
Keywords: flame-retardants, GC-ECD, landfill, leachates, PBDEs, waste.
Keywords
flame-retardants, GC-ECD, landfill, leachates, PBDEs, waste.
Related Book
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