Microbiotests In Aquatic Toxicology:
The Way Forward
Author(s)
C. Blaise & J.-F. Férard
Abstract
The industrial revolution has driven the need for ecotoxicology and shaped its
evolution. Indeed, the increased use and transformation of (non)renewable
resources for over a century to benefit mankind have had a downside and created
a plethora of contaminants harmful to the receiving environments. With time, we
have gone from an age of darkness in the 1950s (i.e., diagnostic ignorance in
terms of recognizing and dealing with contamination) to one of enlightenment as
the 21 st century unfolds (i.e., use of tools and strategies to identify and correct
environmental pollutions). Effects measurements, reflected by toxicity testing
conducted at different levels of biological organization, have proven especially
useful to achieve proper hazard/risk assessments of contaminants. Knowing why
toxicity testing has been conducted over the past decades to protect and conserve
freshwater environments is also essential to grasp the importance and breadth of
this field. For this purpose, we have recently reviewed a substantial number of
articles describing numerous bioanalytical endeavours undertaken to
comprehend toxic effects associated with the discharge of xenobiotics to aquatic
environments. Scrutiny of publications identified in our literature search has
enabled us to uncover the various ways in which laboratory toxicity tests have
been applied, many of which are small-scale in nature. In essence, freshwater
toxicity testing has significantly focussed on liquid (complex environmental
samples, chemical and biological contaminants) and solid media (sediments)
assessment. For both media, miscellaneous studies/initiatives linked to toxicity
testing applications have again promoted the development, validation,
refinement and use of toxicity testing procedures. Bioassays are clearly an
essential component of environmental management programs and several
small-scale tests (microbiotests) can be employed to generate cost-effective
toxicity data that assist decision-making.
Keywords: microbiotests, aquatic toxicology, effects measurements, freshwater
toxicity testing, contaminants, evolution of ecotoxicology.
Keywords
microbiotests, aquatic toxicology, effects measurements, freshwater
toxicity testing, contaminants, evolution of ecotoxicology.
Related Book
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