Alternative Sanitary Concepts For Rural
And Urban Areas
Author(s)
A. Wriege-Bechtold, A. Peter-Fröhlich & M. Barjenbruch
Abstract
Conventional wastewater treatment is state of the art in Middle Europe. Most of
the nutrients in wastewater are removed in wastewater treatment plants, but a
part of them is discharged out to our rivers and lakes and can effect
eutrophication. In other areas, such as Africa, Asia and South-America, there is
little or no treatment of wastewater at all. In particular, rapidly growing megacities
have problems with the collection and treatment of incoming wastewater.
Sewage systems, if existent, are overloaded. The insufficient sewage purification
causes diseases and environmental pollution. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of
fresh water and there is not enough fertiliser for agriculture. Alternative sanitary
concepts are able to close the loop of water and nutrients and give sanitary
comfort to citizens. Novel sustainable wastewater treatment systems take care of
the different flows of wastewater, such as greywater, brownwater and
yellowwater, in a special and verified way. By using brownwater, it is possible to
produce biogas for heating, cooking and power. Greywater can be treated to
obtain water for laundry and to flush toilets. Urine is full of nutrients and a
perfect substitute for mineral fertiliser. In a project near Berlin, some no-mix
toilets are installed in an office and an apartment building. The results of the tests
with a biogas plant show good production of biogas and there is a possibility of
using bio-waste from households as a co-substrate. The measured values in the
treated sludge show that it is possible to use it as a soil conditioner in agriculture.
The implementation of such novel sanitary concepts in urban areas is more
difficult than in low-density areas, but in general is not impossible.
Keywords: alternative sanitary systems, source separation, close the loop, nomix
toilets, biogas, fertiliser, save water.
Keywords
alternative sanitary systems, source separation, close the loop, nomix
toilets, biogas, fertiliser, save water.
Related Book
Other papers in this volume
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